https://developeruche.com/ Writing on zero-knowledge proofs, cryptography, the EVM, Bitcoin and Ethereum protocol research. en https://developeruche.com/notes/cryptography-zkp/computational-proof-systems/ https://developeruche.com/notes/cryptography-zkp/computational-proof-systems/ Fri, 06 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 A study book on zero-knowledge proofs: circuits, R1CS and QAP, polynomial commitments, sum-check, GKR, Groth16, PLONK and lookups, with Rust code. Zero-KnowledgeCryptographySNARKsPLONK https://developeruche.com/notes/cryptography-zkp/rapidly-verifiable-xmss/ https://developeruche.com/notes/cryptography-zkp/rapidly-verifiable-xmss/ Tue, 20 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 How XMSS and WOTS+ work, and how a counter search at signing time makes hash-based signatures verify up to 1.44× faster on embedded devices. Post-Quantum CryptographyHash-Based SignaturesXMSSWOTS+ https://developeruche.com/notes/blockchain/psbt-bip174-bip370/ https://developeruche.com/notes/blockchain/psbt-bip174-bip370/ Mon, 19 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions byte by byte: the roles, every field, what signers must verify, PSBT v2 (BIP370), and Taproot and MuSig2 fields. BitcoinPSBTWalletsMultisig https://developeruche.com/notes/blockchain/bitcoin-script-for-ethereum-developers/ https://developeruche.com/notes/blockchain/bitcoin-script-for-ethereum-developers/ Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bitcoin for EVM engineers: the UTXO model, transactions byte by byte, Script, SegWit, Taproot and five generations of multisig, from P2SH to MuSig2. BitcoinScriptTaprootMultisig https://developeruche.com/blog/zcash-deep-dive/ https://developeruche.com/blog/zcash-deep-dive/ Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zcash from first principles: shielded pools, note commitments, nullifiers and zk-SNARKs, with a transparent and a shielded transaction walked end to end. zero knowledgecryptographyblockchainprivacy https://developeruche.com/notes/artificial-intelligence/evolutionary-algorithms/ https://developeruche.com/notes/artificial-intelligence/evolutionary-algorithms/ Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Genetic algorithms from first principles: encoding a function as a binary chromosome, the selection-crossover-mutation loop, and tuning it to converge. Machine LearningGenetic AlgorithmsOptimizationEvolutionary Computation https://developeruche.com/notes/artificial-intelligence/linear-regression/ https://developeruche.com/notes/artificial-intelligence/linear-regression/ Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Linear regression explained: the model equation, L1 vs L2 loss and MAE/MSE/RMSE, gradient descent, and the learning rate, batch size and epoch tradeoffs. Machine LearningRegressionGradient DescentLoss Functions https://developeruche.com/notes/artificial-intelligence/intelligence-from-first-principles/ https://developeruche.com/notes/artificial-intelligence/intelligence-from-first-principles/ Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 A dense reference: the conditions under which the concept is defined, the single mechanism by which it is acquired, and how a unit of it is measured. IntelligenceInformation TheoryLearningCompression https://developeruche.com/blog/sumcheck-polynomial-iop/ https://developeruche.com/blog/sumcheck-polynomial-iop/ Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 The sum-check protocol from first principles: proving a polynomial's sum over the Boolean hypercube round by round, with a Rust prover and verifier. zero knowledgesnarks https://developeruche.com/blog/zerocheck-polynomial-iop/ https://developeruche.com/blog/zerocheck-polynomial-iop/ Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 The ZeroCheck PIOP: proving a polynomial vanishes on a domain, for univariate polynomials via the vanishing polynomial and multilinear ones via sum-check. zero knowledgesnarks https://developeruche.com/blog/zisk-zkvm-trace-generation/ https://developeruche.com/blog/zisk-zkvm-trace-generation/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 How the ZisK zkVM reaches 1.5 GHz trace generation: fast emulation, minimal traces and parallel witness generation, and what it means for real-time proving. zero knowledgezkVM https://developeruche.com/blog/epf-dev-log/ https://developeruche.com/blog/epf-dev-log/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 My Ethereum Protocol Fellowship project summary: zkVM performance and precompile benchmarks, AOT compilation and stateless block validation. protocolblockchain https://developeruche.com/blog/hybrid-ethereum-riscv/ https://developeruche.com/blog/hybrid-ethereum-riscv/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 An experiment replacing Ethereum's EVM sandbox with a RISC-V execution engine: the design, new node components and backward compatibility with the EVM. evmprotocolblockchain https://developeruche.com/blog/eip-4337-account-abstraction/ https://developeruche.com/blog/eip-4337-account-abstraction/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 How EIP-4337 account abstraction separates keys from accounts: bundlers, the entry point contract, paymasters and the user operation lifecycle. smart contractblockchainprotocol https://developeruche.com/blog/zk-rollups-eip4844-blobs/ https://developeruche.com/blog/zk-rollups-eip4844-blobs/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 How ZK-rollups post data after EIP-4844 (proto-danksharding): blob transactions, KZG commitments, the point evaluation precompile, and cheaper data. blockchainzero knowledgeevm https://developeruche.com/blog/eip7928-block-access-lists/ https://developeruche.com/blog/eip7928-block-access-lists/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 EIP-7928 block-level access lists: how recording every state access and diff per block enables parallel disk I/O, parallel EVM execution and ZK proving. protocolevmblockchain https://developeruche.com/blog/chronicle-rust-blockchain-indexer/ https://developeruche.com/blog/chronicle-rust-blockchain-indexer/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 An introduction to building a blockchain indexer in Rust with Chronicle: parsing transactions, smart contract events and parachain events at speed. blockchaininfrastructure https://developeruche.com/blog/eip2771-gasless-relayer/ https://developeruche.com/blog/eip2771-gasless-relayer/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Designing a scalable, fault-tolerant EIP-2771 relayer for gasless meta-transactions: system goals, high-level architecture, security and future work. smart contractblockchainprotocol https://developeruche.com/blog/eof-deep-dive/ https://developeruche.com/blog/eof-deep-dive/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 What the EVM Object Format (EOF) changes for Ethereum smart contracts: the container format, code and data sections, and deploy-time validation. evmblockchain https://developeruche.com/blog/evm-jumpdest/ https://developeruche.com/blog/evm-jumpdest/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 The EVM JUMPDEST opcode (0x5b) explained: how it marks valid targets for JUMP and JUMPI, how jump destination analysis works, and why it matters. evmblockchain https://developeruche.com/blog/state-read-write-opcodes/ https://developeruche.com/blog/state-read-write-opcodes/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 State reads and writes aren't native WASM or RISC-V instructions. How blockchain VMs expose storage to contracts through host functions and syscalls. evmblockchain https://developeruche.com/blog/zero-knowledge-proof-building-blocks/ https://developeruche.com/blog/zero-knowledge-proof-building-blocks/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 An engineer's guide to the core protocols behind modern zero-knowledge proofs: the sum-check, zero-check, product-check and permutation-check IOPs. zero knowledgecryptography https://developeruche.com/blog/kzg-polynomial-commitment-part-1/ https://developeruche.com/blog/kzg-polynomial-commitment-part-1/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Part 1: how token airdrops work today with Merkle proofs, using Optimism's airdrop, as the starting point for replacing them with KZG commitments. cryptographyzero knowledge https://developeruche.com/blog/kzg-polynomial-commitment-part-2/ https://developeruche.com/blog/kzg-polynomial-commitment-part-2/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Part 2: implementing an airdrop with KZG polynomial commitments: committing to the claims, generating proofs, and verifying them in a smart contract. cryptographyzero knowledge https://developeruche.com/blog/winternitz-one-time-signature/ https://developeruche.com/blog/winternitz-one-time-signature/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 How the Winternitz one-time signature (WOTS) scheme works: hash chains, key generation, signing and verification, with a full Rust implementation. PQ cryptographycryptography https://developeruche.com/blog/groth16/ https://developeruche.com/blog/groth16/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 A walkthrough of the Groth16 zk-SNARK: bilinear pairings, QAPs, the powers of tau trusted setup, and how the prover and verifier work. snarkszero knowledgecryptography https://developeruche.com/blog/r1cs-to-qap/ https://developeruche.com/blog/r1cs-to-qap/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 How an arithmetic circuit becomes a rank-1 constraint system (R1CS) and then a quadratic arithmetic program (QAP), worked through on a small example. snarkszero knowledge https://developeruche.com/blog/permutation-check-iop/ https://developeruche.com/blog/permutation-check-iop/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 The permutation check PIOP through the lens of PLONK: proving one vector is a permutation of another with a grand product argument. zero knowledgesnarks https://developeruche.com/blog/product-check-iop/ https://developeruche.com/blog/product-check-iop/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 The ProductCheck PIOP for univariate and multilinear polynomials: proving a product relation over a domain via ZeroCheck and a random linear combination. zero knowledgesnarks https://developeruche.com/blog/multiset-check-iop/ https://developeruche.com/blog/multiset-check-iop/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 The multiset check IOP: proving two multisets are equal by encoding them as polynomials and testing at a random challenge, and its role in PLONK. zero knowledgesnarks https://developeruche.com/blog/merkle-patricia-trie/ https://developeruche.com/blog/merkle-patricia-trie/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 How Ethereum's Merkle Patricia Trie works: leaf, extension and branch nodes, nibble paths and hashing, with a Rust implementation. blockchainalgocryptography https://developeruche.com/blog/merkle-tree-blockchain/ https://developeruche.com/blog/merkle-tree-blockchain/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 What a Merkle tree is and why blockchains depend on it: hashing transactions into a single root, Merkle proofs, and efficient verification. evmblockchain https://developeruche.com/blog/kademlia-dht/ https://developeruche.com/blog/kademlia-dht/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 How the Kademlia DHT works and how to build one: XOR distance, k-buckets, node lookups and storing key-value pairs in a peer-to-peer network. networkingalgo https://developeruche.com/blog/fields-extension-fields/ https://developeruche.com/blog/fields-extension-fields/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lecture notes on finite fields and extension fields for cryptography: prime fields, GF(p^n) built from irreducible polynomials, and field arithmetic. lecture notecryptography https://developeruche.com/blog/matryoshka-mle/ https://developeruche.com/blog/matryoshka-mle/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 The Matryoshka algorithm for computing the multilinear extension of a Boolean function efficiently, as used in GKR-style succinct proof systems. zero knowledgealgo https://developeruche.com/blog/jagged-mle/ https://developeruche.com/blog/jagged-mle/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jagged multilinear extensions: committing to many tables of different heights as one stacked MLE so zkVM provers avoid wasteful padding. zero knowledgealgo https://developeruche.com/blog/ron-mle-optimization/ https://developeruche.com/blog/ron-mle-optimization/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Faster multilinear extension evaluation: Ron Rothblum's optimization over naive direct evaluation, and the cost analysis behind it. zero knowledgealgo https://developeruche.com/blog/mle-direct-evaluation/ https://developeruche.com/blog/mle-direct-evaluation/ Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Multilinear polynomial extensions explained: interpolating a function over the Boolean hypercube and evaluating the MLE directly with the eq polynomial. zero knowledgealgo